'cargo update' solutions

[rust-101.git] / src / part03.rs

diff --git a/src/part03.rs b/src/part03.rs
index ecb8b1583807c15ff20017509805c1f2bab3880e..b4bf2f35ada6c625fbf195a656dce13ede73fd78 100644 (file)
--- a/src/part03.rs
+++ b/src/part03.rs
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 //@ I/O is a complicated topic, so the code to do that is not exactly pretty - but well,
 //@ let's get that behind us.
 
 //@ I/O is a complicated topic, so the code to do that is not exactly pretty - but well,
 //@ let's get that behind us.
 

-// I/O is provided by the module `std::io`, so we first have import that with `use`.
+// I/O is provided by the module `std::io`, so we first have to import that with `use`.

 // We also import the I/O *prelude*, which makes a bunch of commonly used I/O stuff
 // directly available.
 use std::io::prelude::*;
 // We also import the I/O *prelude*, which makes a bunch of commonly used I/O stuff
 // directly available.
 use std::io::prelude::*;


@@ -22,45 +22,46 @@ use std::io;
 //@ specifying its type parameter doesn't tell us all that much.
 fn read_vec() -> Vec<i32> {
     let mut vec: Vec<i32> = Vec::<i32>::new();
 //@ specifying its type parameter doesn't tell us all that much.
 fn read_vec() -> Vec<i32> {
     let mut vec: Vec<i32> = Vec::<i32>::new();

-    // The central handle to the standard input is made available by `io::stdin()`.
+    // The central handle to the standard input is made available by the function `io::stdin`.

     let stdin = io::stdin();
     let stdin = io::stdin();

-    println!("Enter a list of numbers, one per line. End with Ctrl-D.");
+    println!("Enter a list of numbers, one per line. End with Ctrl-D (Linux) or Ctrl-Z (Windows).");

     //@ We would now like to iterate over standard input line-by-line. We can use a `for` loop
     //@ for that, but there is a catch: What happens if there is some other piece of code running
     //@ concurrently, that also reads from standard input? The result would be a mess. Hence
     //@ We would now like to iterate over standard input line-by-line. We can use a `for` loop
     //@ for that, but there is a catch: What happens if there is some other piece of code running
     //@ concurrently, that also reads from standard input? The result would be a mess. Hence

-    //@ Rust requires us to `lock()` standard input if we want to perform large operations on
-    //@ it. (See [the documentation](http://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/io/struct.Stdin.html) for more
+    //@ Rust requires us to `lock` standard input if we want to perform large operations on
+    //@ it. (See [the documentation](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/io/struct.Stdin.html) for more

     //@ details.) 
     for line in stdin.lock().lines() {
         // Rust's type for (dynamic, growable) strings is `String`. However, our variable `line`
         // here is not yet of that type: It has type `io::Result<String>`.
         //@ The problem with I/O is that it can always go wrong. The type of `line` is a lot like `Option<String>` ("a `String` or
         //@ nothing"), but in the case of "nothing", there is additional information about the error.
     //@ details.) 
     for line in stdin.lock().lines() {
         // Rust's type for (dynamic, growable) strings is `String`. However, our variable `line`
         // here is not yet of that type: It has type `io::Result<String>`.
         //@ The problem with I/O is that it can always go wrong. The type of `line` is a lot like `Option<String>` ("a `String` or
         //@ nothing"), but in the case of "nothing", there is additional information about the error.

-        //@ Again, I recommend to check [the documentation](http://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/io/type.Result.html).
+        //@ Again, I recommend to check [the documentation](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/io/type.Result.html).

         //@ You will see that `io::Result` is actually just an alias for `Result`, so click on that to obtain
         //@ the list of all constructors and methods of the type.
 
         //@ You will see that `io::Result` is actually just an alias for `Result`, so click on that to obtain
         //@ the list of all constructors and methods of the type.
 

-        //@ We will be lazy here and just assume that nothing goes wrong: `unwrap()` returns the `String` if there is one,
+        //@ We will be lazy here and just assume that nothing goes wrong: `unwrap` returns the `String` if there is one,

         //@ and panics the program otherwise. Since a `Result` carries some details about the error that occurred,
         //@ there will be a somewhat reasonable error message. Still, you would not want a user to see such
         //@ an error, so in a "real" program, we would have to do proper error handling.
         //@ and panics the program otherwise. Since a `Result` carries some details about the error that occurred,
         //@ there will be a somewhat reasonable error message. Still, you would not want a user to see such
         //@ an error, so in a "real" program, we would have to do proper error handling.

-        //@ Can you find the documentation of `Result::unwrap()`?
+        //@ Can you find the documentation of `Result::unwrap`?

         //@ 
         // I chose the same name (`line`) for the new variable to ensure that I will never, accidentally,
         // access the "old" `line` again.
         let line = line.unwrap();
         // Now that we have our `String`, we want to make it an `i32`.
         //@ 
         // I chose the same name (`line`) for the new variable to ensure that I will never, accidentally,
         // access the "old" `line` again.
         let line = line.unwrap();
         // Now that we have our `String`, we want to make it an `i32`.

+        //@ We first `trim` the `line` to remove leading and trailing whitespace.

         //@ `parse` is a method on `String` that can convert a string to anything. Try finding it's documentation!
 
         //@ In this case, Rust *could* figure out automatically that we need an `i32` (because of the return type
         //@ of the function), but that's a bit too much magic for my taste. We are being more explicit here:
         //@ `parse::<i32>` is `parse` with its generic type set to `i32`.
         //@ `parse` is a method on `String` that can convert a string to anything. Try finding it's documentation!
 
         //@ In this case, Rust *could* figure out automatically that we need an `i32` (because of the return type
         //@ of the function), but that's a bit too much magic for my taste. We are being more explicit here:
         //@ `parse::<i32>` is `parse` with its generic type set to `i32`.

-        match line.parse::<i32>() {
+        match line.trim().parse::<i32>() {

             //@ `parse` returns again a `Result`, and this time we use a `match` to handle errors (like, the user entering
             //@ something that is not a number).
             //@ This is a common pattern in Rust: Operations that could go wrong will return `Option` or `Result`.
             //@ The only way to get to the value we are interested in is through pattern matching (and through helper functions
             //@ `parse` returns again a `Result`, and this time we use a `match` to handle errors (like, the user entering
             //@ something that is not a number).
             //@ This is a common pattern in Rust: Operations that could go wrong will return `Option` or `Result`.
             //@ The only way to get to the value we are interested in is through pattern matching (and through helper functions

-            //@ like `unwrap()`). If we call a function that returns a `Result`, and throw the return value away,
+            //@ like `unwrap`). If we call a function that returns a `Result`, and throw the return value away,

             //@ the compiler will emit a warning. It is hence impossible for us to *forget* handling an error,
             //@ or to accidentally use a value that doesn't make any sense because there was an error producing it.
             Ok(num) => {
             //@ the compiler will emit a warning. It is hence impossible for us to *forget* handling an error,
             //@ or to accidentally use a value that doesn't make any sense because there was an error producing it.
             Ok(num) => {


@@ -103,7 +104,7 @@ pub fn main() {
 // Notice that I called the function on `SomethingOrNothing` `print2` to disambiguate from the `print` defined previously.
 // 
 // *Hint*: There is a macro `print!` for printing without appending a newline.
 // Notice that I called the function on `SomethingOrNothing` `print2` to disambiguate from the `print` defined previously.
 // 
 // *Hint*: There is a macro `print!` for printing without appending a newline.

-trait Print {
+pub trait Print {

     /* Add things here */
 }
 impl<T: Print> SomethingOrNothing<T> {
     /* Add things here */
 }
 impl<T: Print> SomethingOrNothing<T> {


@@ -115,4 +116,4 @@ impl<T: Print> SomethingOrNothing<T> {
 // **Exercise 03.2**: Building on exercise 02.2, implement all the things you need on `f32` to make your
 // program work with floating-point numbers.
 
 // **Exercise 03.2**: Building on exercise 02.2, implement all the things you need on `f32` to make your
 // program work with floating-point numbers.
 

-//@ [index](main.html) | [previous](part02.html) | [next](part04.html)
+//@ [index](main.html) | [previous](part02.html) | [raw source](workspace/src/part03.rs) | [next](part04.html)