// Rust-101, Part 04: Ownership, Borrowing
// =======================================
-use std::cmp;
-
// Rust aims to be a "safe systems language". As a systems language, of course it
// provides *references* (or *pointers*). But as a safe language, it has to
// prevent bugs like this C++ snippet.
// I also took the liberty to convert the function from `SomethingOrNothing` to the standard
// library type `Option`.
fn vec_min(v: &Vec<i32>) -> Option<i32> {
+ use std::cmp;
+
let mut min = None;
for e in v {
// In the loop, `e` now has type `&i32`, so we have to dereference it to obtain an `i32`.
vec_min(&v);
println!("The first element is: {}", *first);
}
-// What's going on here? First, `&` is how you create a shared borrow to something. This code creates three
-// shared borrows to `v`: The borrow for `first` begins in the 2nd line of the function and lasts all the way to
-// the end. The other two borrows, created for calling `vec_min`, only last for the duration of that
-// respective call.
+// What's going on here? First, `&` is how you create a shared borrow to something. All borrows are created like
+// this - there is no way to have something like a NULL pointer. This code creates three shared borrows to `v`:
+// The borrow for `first` begins in the 2nd line of the function and lasts all the way to the end. The other two
+// borrows, created for calling `vec_min`, only last for the duration of that respective call.
//
// Technically, of course, borrows are pointers. Notice that since `vec_min` only gets a shared
// borrow, Rust knows that it cannot mutate `v` in any way. Hence the pointer into the buffer of `v`
// they do. However, the `v` in `mutable_borrow_demo` is not actually usable, it is not *active*: As long as there is an
// outstanding borrow, Rust will not allow you to do anything with `v`.
-// So, to summarize - the ownership and borrowing system of Rust enforces the following three rules:
+// ## Summary
+// The ownership and borrowing system of Rust enforces the following three rules:
//
// * There is always exactly one owner of a piece of data
// * If there is an active mutable borrow, then nobody else can have active access to the data