use pipx instead of pip to install pycco

[rust-101.git] / src / main.rs

diff --git a/src/main.rs b/src/main.rs
index 0aa0429c6fec97448dca8f972e08dd44d6393d26..2a0aa76d30fd3b2524b1a10a3630db83f92f4302 100644 (file)
--- a/src/main.rs
+++ b/src/main.rs
@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
 // Welcome to Rust-101
 // ===================
 // 
 // Welcome to Rust-101
 // ===================
 // 

-// This is [Rust-101](https://www.ralfj.de/projects/rust-101/), a small *work-in-progress*
-// tutorial for the [Rust language](http://www.rust-lang.org/).
-// It is intended to be an interactive, hands-on course: I believe the only way to
-// *really* learn a language is to write code in it, so you should be coding during
-// the course.
+// This is [Rust-101](https://www.ralfj.de/projects/rust-101/), a small tutorial for
+// the [Rust language](https://www.rust-lang.org/). It is intended to be an interactive,
+// hands-on course: I believe the only way to *really* learn a language is to write code
+// in it, so you should be coding during the course.

 // 
 // If you have any questions that are not answered here, check out the "Additional Resources"
 // below. In particular, the IRC channel is filled with awesome people willing to help you! I spent
 // 
 // If you have any questions that are not answered here, check out the "Additional Resources"
 // below. In particular, the IRC channel is filled with awesome people willing to help you! I spent


@@ -18,72 +17,75 @@
 // ---------
 // 
 // When you got here, I am kind of assuming that you already decided to give Rust at
 // ---------
 // 
 // When you got here, I am kind of assuming that you already decided to give Rust at

-// least a look, so that I don't have to do much convincing here ;-) . But just in
+// least a look, so that I don't have to do much convincing here. But just in

 // case, here's why I think Rust is worth learning:<br/>
 // At this time, Rust is a language with a pretty unique set of goals. Rust aims to
 // achieve C++-style control over memory and execution behavior (like, static vs. dynamic
 // dispatch), which makes it possible to construct abstractions that carry no run-time
 // cost. This is combined with the comfort of high-level functional languages and guaranteed
 // case, here's why I think Rust is worth learning:<br/>
 // At this time, Rust is a language with a pretty unique set of goals. Rust aims to
 // achieve C++-style control over memory and execution behavior (like, static vs. dynamic
 // dispatch), which makes it possible to construct abstractions that carry no run-time
 // cost. This is combined with the comfort of high-level functional languages and guaranteed

-// safety (as in, the program will not crash). The vast majority of existing
-// languages sacrifices one of these goals for the other. In particular, the
-// first requirement rules out a garbage collector: Rust can run "bare metal".
-// In fact, Rust rules out more classes of bugs than languages that achieve safety
-// with a GC: Besides dangling pointers and double-free, Rust also prevents issues
-// such as iterator invalidation and data races.
+// safety (as in, the program will not crash in uncontrolled ways). The vast majority of existing
+// languages sacrifices control for safety (for example, by enforcing the usage of
+// a garbage collector) or vice versa. Rust can run without dynamic allocation (i.e., without
+// a heap), and even without an operating system. In fact, Rust rules out more classes of bugs
+// than languages that achieve safety with a garbage collector: Besides dangling pointers and
+// double-free, Rust also prevents issues such as iterator invalidation and data races. Finally,
+// it cleans up behind you, and deallocates resources (memory, but also file descriptors and really
+// anything) when you don't need them anymore.

 // 
 // 
 // Getting started
 // ---------------
 // 
 // You will need to have Rust installed, of course. It is available for download on
 // 
 // 
 // Getting started
 // ---------------
 // 
 // You will need to have Rust installed, of course. It is available for download on

-// [the Rust website](http://www.rust-lang.org/). You should go for either the "stable"
-// or the "beta" channel. More detailed installation instructions are provided in
-// [the second chapter of The Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/book/installing-rust.html).
+// [the Rust website](https://www.rust-lang.org/). Make sure you get at least version 1.3.
+// More detailed installation instructions are provided in
+// [The Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/book/).

 // This will also install `cargo`, the tool responsible for building rust projects (or *crates*).
 // This will also install `cargo`, the tool responsible for building rust projects (or *crates*).

-
-// Next, fetch the Rust-101 source code from the [git repository](http://www.ralfj.de/git/rust-101.git)
-// (also available [on GitHub](https://github.com/RalfJung/rust-101), and as a
-// [zip archive](https://github.com/RalfJung/rust-101/archive/master.zip) in case you don't have git installed).
-// 
-// There is a workspace prepared for you in the `workspace` folder. I suggest you copy this
-// folder somewhere else - that will make it much easier to later update the course without
-// overwriting your changes. Try `cargo build` in that new folder to check that compiling your workspace succeeds.
-// (You can also execute it with `cargo run`, but you'll need to do some work before this will succeed.)
-// 
-// If you later want to update the course, do `git pull` (or re-download the zip archive).
-// Then copy the files from `workspace/src/` to your workspace that you did not yet work on. Definitely
-// copy `main.rs` to make sure all the new files are actually compiled. (Of course you can also
-// copy the rest, but that would replace all your hard work by the original files with all the holes!)
+// 
+// Next, we have to prepare a workspace for you to conduct your Rust-101 work in, so that you don't
+// have to start with an empty file. The easiest way is to
+// [download the workspace](https://www.ralfj.de/projects/rust-101/workspace.zip)
+// matching the online tutorial. Try `cargo build` in that new folder to check that compiling your
+// workspace succeeds.
+// (You can also execute it with `cargo run`, but you'll need to do some work before this does
+// anything useful.)
+//
+// Alternatively, you can build the workspace from source by fetching the
+// [git repository](https://www.ralfj.de/git/rust-101.git) and running `make workspace`.

 
 // Course Content
 // --------------
 // 
 
 // Course Content
 // --------------
 // 

-// The part 00-03 cover some basic of the language, to give you a feeling for Rust's syntax and pervasive
-// mechanisms like pattern matching and traits. Parts 04-06 introduce the heart of the language, the ideas
-// making it different from anything else out there: Ownership, borrowing, lifetimes. In part 07-??, we
-// continue our tour through Rust with another example. Finally, in parts ??-??, we implement our own
-// version of `grep`, exhibiting some more Rust features as we go.
-// 
-// Now, open `your-workspace/src/part00.rs` in your favorite editor, and follow the link below for
-// the explanations and exercises. Have fun!
+// Open `your-workspace/src/part00.rs` in your favorite editor, and follow the link below for
+// the explanations and exercises. You are ready to start. Have fun!

 // 
 // 

+// ### Introduction
+//

 // * [Part 00: Algebraic datatypes](part00.html)
 // * [Part 01: Expressions, Inherent methods](part01.html)
 // * [Part 02: Generic types, Traits](part02.html)
 // * [Part 03: Input](part03.html)
 // * [Part 00: Algebraic datatypes](part00.html)
 // * [Part 01: Expressions, Inherent methods](part01.html)
 // * [Part 02: Generic types, Traits](part02.html)
 // * [Part 03: Input](part03.html)

-// * [Part 04: Ownership, Borrowing](part04.html)
+// 
+// ### Basic Rust
+// 
+// * [Part 04: Ownership, Borrowing, References](part04.html)

 // * [Part 05: Clone](part05.html)
 // * [Part 06: Copy, Lifetimes](part06.html)
 // * [Part 07: Operator Overloading, Tests, Formating](part07.html)
 // * [Part 08: Associated Types, Modules](part08.html)
 // * [Part 09: Iterators](part09.html)
 // * [Part 10: Closures](part10.html)
 // * [Part 05: Clone](part05.html)
 // * [Part 06: Copy, Lifetimes](part06.html)
 // * [Part 07: Operator Overloading, Tests, Formating](part07.html)
 // * [Part 08: Associated Types, Modules](part08.html)
 // * [Part 09: Iterators](part09.html)
 // * [Part 10: Closures](part10.html)

-// * [Part 11: Trait Objects, Box, Rc, Lifetime bounds](part11.html)
-// * [Part 12: Concurrency, Send](part12.html)
-// * [Part 13: Slices, Arrays, External Dependencies](part13.html)
-// * (to be continued)
+// 
+// ### Advanced Rust
+// 
+// * [Part 11: Trait Objects, Box, Lifetime bounds](part11.html)
+// * [Part 12: Rc, Interior Mutability, Cell, RefCell](part12.html)
+// * [Part 13: Concurrency, Arc, Send](part13.html)
+// * [Part 14: Slices, Arrays, External Dependencies](part14.html)
+// * [Part 15: Mutex, Interior Mutability (cont.), RwLock, Sync](part15.html)
+// * [Part 16: Unsafe Rust, Drop](part16.html)
+// 

 #![allow(dead_code, unused_imports, unused_variables, unused_mut, unreachable_code)]
 #![allow(dead_code, unused_imports, unused_variables, unused_mut, unreachable_code)]

-/* extern crate docopt; */

 mod part00;
 mod part01;
 mod part02;
 mod part00;
 mod part01;
 mod part02;


@@ -98,9 +100,12 @@ mod part10;
 mod part11;
 mod part12;
 mod part13;
 mod part11;
 mod part12;
 mod part13;

+mod part14;
+mod part15;
+mod part16;

 
 

-// To actually run the code of some part (after filling in the blanks, if necessary), simply edit the `main`
-// function.
+// To actually run the code of some part (after filling in the blanks, if necessary), simply edit
+// the `main` function.

 fn main() {
     part00::main();
 }
 fn main() {
     part00::main();
 }


@@ -113,6 +118,10 @@ fn main() {
 // of the most interesting places here:
 // 
 // * [The Rust Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/book/)
 // of the most interesting places here:
 // 
 // * [The Rust Book](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/book/)

+// * [The Rustonomicon](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/nomicon/)

 // * [Rust by Example](http://rustbyexample.com/)
 // * The [Rust Subreddit](https://www.reddit.com/r/rust/)
 // * [Rust by Example](http://rustbyexample.com/)
 // * The [Rust Subreddit](https://www.reddit.com/r/rust/)

-// * For the IRC channel and other forums, see the "Community" section of the [Rust Documentation index](http://doc.rust-lang.org/index.html)
+// * A [collection of links](https://github.com/ctjhoa/rust-learning) to blog posts, articles,
+//   videos, etc. for learning Rust.
+// * For the IRC channel and other forums, see the "Community" section of the
+//   [Rust Documentation index](https://doc.rust-lang.org/index.html)