Merge pull request #9 from rwz/patch-1

[rust-101.git] / src / part13.rs

diff --git a/src/part13.rs b/src/part13.rs
index 76d7154b8d62dd3b44a39d17a01c5892cdef0cce..4fbc908cab5043b8eb486ce6f7d97eecded1d251 100644 (file)
--- a/src/part13.rs
+++ b/src/part13.rs
@@ -7,10 +7,10 @@ use std::sync::mpsc::{sync_channel, SyncSender, Receiver};
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
 //@ Our next stop are the concurrency features of Rust. We are going to write our own small version of "grep",
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
 //@ Our next stop are the concurrency features of Rust. We are going to write our own small version of "grep",

-//@ called *rgrep*, and it is going to make use of concurrency: One thread reads the input files, one thread does
+//@ called *rgrep*, and it is going to perform three jobs concurrently: One thread reads the input files, one thread does

 //@ the actual matching, and one thread writes the output. I already mentioned in the beginning of the course that
 //@ Rust's type system (more precisely, the discipline of ownership and borrowing) will help us to avoid a common
 //@ the actual matching, and one thread writes the output. I already mentioned in the beginning of the course that
 //@ Rust's type system (more precisely, the discipline of ownership and borrowing) will help us to avoid a common

-//@ pitfall of concurrent programming: data races.
+//@ pitfall of concurrent programming: data races. We will see how that works concretely.

 
 // Before we come to the actual code, we define a data-structure `Options` to store all the information we need
 // to complete the job: Which files to work on, which pattern to look for, and how to output. <br/>
 
 // Before we come to the actual code, we define a data-structure `Options` to store all the information we need
 // to complete the job: Which files to work on, which pattern to look for, and how to output. <br/>


@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ pub fn main() {
     run(options);
 }
 
     run(options);
 }
 

-// **Exercise 12.1**: Change rgrep such that it prints not only the matching lines, but also the name of the file
+// **Exercise 13.1**: Change rgrep such that it prints not only the matching lines, but also the name of the file

 // and the number of the line in the file. You will have to change the type of the channels from `String` to something
 // that records this extra information.
 
 // and the number of the line in the file. You will have to change the type of the channels from `String` to something
 // that records this extra information.
 


@@ -159,15 +159,15 @@ pub fn main() {
 //@ programs memory safe, and that prevents us from invalidating iterators, also helps secure our multi-threaded code against
 //@ data races. For example, notice how `read_files` sends a `String` to `filter_lines`. At run-time, only the pointer to
 //@ the character data will actually be moved around (just like when a `String` is passed to a function with full ownership). However,
 //@ programs memory safe, and that prevents us from invalidating iterators, also helps secure our multi-threaded code against
 //@ data races. For example, notice how `read_files` sends a `String` to `filter_lines`. At run-time, only the pointer to
 //@ the character data will actually be moved around (just like when a `String` is passed to a function with full ownership). However,

-//@ `read_files` has to *give up* ownership of the string to perform `send`, to it is impossible for an outstanding borrow to
-//@ still be around. After it sent the string to the other side, `read_files` has no pointer into the string content
+//@ `read_files` has to *give up* ownership of the string to perform `send`, to it is impossible for the string to still be borrowed.
+//@ After it sent the string to the other side, `read_files` has no pointer into the string content

 //@ anymore, and hence no way to race on the data with someone else.
 //@ 
 //@ anymore, and hence no way to race on the data with someone else.
 //@ 

-//@ There is a little more to this. Remember the `'static` bound we had to add to `register` in the previous part, to make
+//@ There is a little more to this. Remember the `'static` bound we had to add to `register` in the previous parts, to make

 //@ sure that the callbacks do not reference any pointers that might become invalid? This is just as crucial for spawning
 //@ a thread: In general, that thread could last for much longer than the current stack frame. Thus, it must not use
 //@ any pointers to data in that stack frame. This is achieved by requiring the `FnOnce` closure passed to `thread::spawn`
 //@ sure that the callbacks do not reference any pointers that might become invalid? This is just as crucial for spawning
 //@ a thread: In general, that thread could last for much longer than the current stack frame. Thus, it must not use
 //@ any pointers to data in that stack frame. This is achieved by requiring the `FnOnce` closure passed to `thread::spawn`

-//@ to be valid for lifetime `'static`, as you can see in [its documentation](http://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/thread/fn.spawn.html).
+//@ to be valid for lifetime `'static`, as you can see in [its documentation](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/thread/fn.spawn.html).

 //@ This avoids another kind of data race, where the thread's access races with the callee deallocating its stack frame.
 //@ It is only thanks to the concept of lifetimes that this can be expressed as part of the type of `spawn`.
 
 //@ This avoids another kind of data race, where the thread's access races with the callee deallocating its stack frame.
 //@ It is only thanks to the concept of lifetimes that this can be expressed as part of the type of `spawn`.
 


@@ -179,13 +179,14 @@ pub fn main() {
 //@ 
 //@ The answer is already hinted at in the error: It will say something about `Send`. You may have noticed that the closure in
 //@ `thread::spawn` does not just have a `'static` bound, but also has to satisfy `Send`. `Send` is a trait, and just like `Copy`,
 //@ 
 //@ The answer is already hinted at in the error: It will say something about `Send`. You may have noticed that the closure in
 //@ `thread::spawn` does not just have a `'static` bound, but also has to satisfy `Send`. `Send` is a trait, and just like `Copy`,

-//@ it's just a marker - there are no functions provided by `Send`. What the trait says is that types which are `Send`, can be
+//@ it's just a marker - there are no functions provided by `Send`. What the trait says is that types which are `Send` can be

 //@ safely sent to another thread without causing trouble. Of course, all the primitive data-types are `Send`. So is `Arc`,
 //@ safely sent to another thread without causing trouble. Of course, all the primitive data-types are `Send`. So is `Arc`,

-//@ which is why Rust accepted our code. But `Rc` is not `Send`, and for a good reason!
+//@ which is why Rust accepted our code. But `Rc` is not `Send`, and for a good reason! If had two `Rc` to the same data, and
+//@ sent one of them to another thread, things could go havoc due to the lack of synchronization.

 //@ 
 //@ Now, `Send` as a trait is fairly special. It has a so-called *default implementation*. This means that *every type* implements
 //@ `Send`, unless it opts out. Opting out is viral: If your type contains a type that opted out, then you don't have `Send`, either.
 //@ So if the environment of your closure contains an `Rc`, it won't be `Send`, preventing it from causing trouble. If however every
 //@ captured variable *is* `Send`, then so is the entire environment, and you are good.
 
 //@ 
 //@ Now, `Send` as a trait is fairly special. It has a so-called *default implementation*. This means that *every type* implements
 //@ `Send`, unless it opts out. Opting out is viral: If your type contains a type that opted out, then you don't have `Send`, either.
 //@ So if the environment of your closure contains an `Rc`, it won't be `Send`, preventing it from causing trouble. If however every
 //@ captured variable *is* `Send`, then so is the entire environment, and you are good.
 

-//@ [index](main.html) | [previous](part12.html) | [next](part14.html)
+//@ [index](main.html) | [previous](part12.html) | [raw source](https://www.ralfj.de/git/rust-101.git/blob_plain/HEAD:/workspace/src/part13.rs) | [next](part14.html)