+//@ To give the answer to this question, we have to talk about the *lifetime* of a reference. The
+//@ point is, saying that you borrowed your friend a `Vec<i32>`, or a book, is not good enough,
+//@ unless you also agree on *how long* your friend can borrow it. After all, you need to know when
+//@ you can rely on owning your data (or book) again.
+//@
+//@ Every reference in Rust has an associated lifetime, written `&'a T` for a reference with
+//@ lifetime `'a` to something of type `T`. The full type of `head` reads as follows: `fn<'a,
+//@ T>(&'a Vec<T>) -> Option<&'a T>`. Here, `'a` is a *lifetime variable*, which represents for how
+//@ long the vector has been borrowed. The function type expresses that argument and return value
+//@ have *the same lifetime*.
+//@
+//@ When analyzing the code of `rust_foo`, Rust has to assign a lifetime to `first`. It will choose
+//@ the scope where `first` is valid, which is the entire rest of the function. Because `head` ties
+//@ the lifetime of its argument and return value together, this means that `&v` also has to borrow
+//@ `v` for the entire duration of the function `rust_foo`. So when we try to create a unique
+//@ reference to `v` for `push`, Rust complains that the two references (the one for `head`, and
+//@ the one for `push`) overlap, so neither of them can be unique. Lucky us! Rust caught our
+//@ mistake and made sure we don't crash the program.
+//@
+//@ So, to sum this up: Lifetimes enable Rust to reason about *how long* a reference is valid, how
+//@ long ownership has been borrowed. We can thus safely write functions like `head`, that return
+//@ references into data they got as argument, and make sure they are used correctly, *while
+//@ looking only at the function type*. At no point in our analysis of `rust_foo` did we have to
+//@ look *into* `head`. That's, of course, crucial if we want to separate library code from
+//@ application code.
+//@ Most of the time, we don't have to explicitly add lifetimes to function types. This is thanks
+//@ to *lifetime elision*, where Rust will automatically insert lifetimes we did not specify,
+//@ following some simple, well-documented
+//@ [rules](https://doc.rust- lang.org/stable/book/lifetimes.html#lifetime-elision).
+
+//@ [index](main.html) | [previous](part05.html) | [raw source](workspace/src/part06.rs) |
+//@ [next](part07.html)