1 dyn-nsupdate: Self-made DynDNS
2 ===============================================================
7 Welcome to dyn-nsupdate_, a collection of tools using BIND_, CGI_ and Python_ to
8 provide DynDNS services with your own nameserver. Both IPv4 and IPv6 are fully
11 dyn-nsupdate consists of two pieces: The server part provides a way to update IP
12 addresses in Bind's DNS zones via CGI, in a safe manner. The client part uses CGI
13 to update some domain to the current address(es) of the machine it is running
14 on. Alternatively, some routers can be configured to do this themselves. The
15 FritzBox is known to be supported.
17 .. _dyn-nsupdate: https://www.ralfj.de/projects/dyn-nsupdate
18 .. _BIND: https://www.isc.org/downloads/bind/
19 .. _CGI: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Gateway_Interface
20 .. _Python: https://www.python.org/
25 In the following, replace ``dyn.example.com`` by whatever domain will be managed
26 through DynDNS. I assume that BIND has already been set up for
27 ``dyn.example.com`` as a dynamic zone that can be updated through ``nsupdate
28 -l``. This can be achieved by setting ``update-policy local;`` in the zone
29 configuration. Furthermore, I assume the directory ``/var/lib/bind/`` exists.
31 There are two pieces that have to be installed: A setuid wrapper which checks
32 the passwords, and applies the updates; and some CGI scripts offered through a
35 Let's start with the setuid wrapper. To compile it, you will need cmake and
36 boost, including the regex and program_options boost packages. Starting in the
37 source directory, run::
42 cmake .. -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
43 -DDYNNSUPDATE_CONFIG_FILE=/var/lib/bind/dyn-nsupdate.conf
46 This should compile the binary ``dyn-nsupdate``. If you want to put the files in
47 another directory, change the configuration file name accordingly. You can now
48 install it and the sample configuration file, and set their permissions::
50 sudo install dyn-nsupdate /var/lib/bind/dyn-nsupdate -o bind -g bind -m +rx,u+ws
51 sudo install ../../dyn-nsupdate.conf.dist /var/lib/bind/dyn-nsupdate.conf -o bind -g bind -m u+rw
53 Finally, edit the config file. The format should be pretty self-explanatory. In
54 particular, **change the password**!
56 Now, let's go on with the CGI scripts. They are using Python 2, so make sure you
57 have that installed. There are two scripts: One is used for clients to detect
58 their current external IP address, and one is used to do the actual update of
59 the domain. The first script should be available on a domain that is available
60 only through a single protocol, i.e., IPv4 only or IPv6 only. If you want to
61 support both IPv4 and IPv6, I suggest you have three domains
62 ``ipv4.ns.example.com``, ``ipv6.ns.example.com`` and ``ns.example.com`` where
63 only the latter is available via both protocols (this is something you have to
64 configure in your ``example.com`` zone). All can serve the same scripts (e.g.
65 via a ``ServerAlias`` in the apache configuration). I also **strongly suggest**
66 you make these domains *HTTPS-only*, as the client script will send a password!
68 Choose some directory (e.g., ``/srv/ns.example.com``) for the new domain, and
69 copy the content of ``server-scripts`` there. Now configure your webserver
70 appropriately for CGI scripts to be executed there. You can find a sample
71 configuration for apache in ``apache-ns.example.com.conf``. If you used a
72 non-default location for the ``dyn-nsupdate`` wrapper, you have to change the
73 path in the ``update`` CGI script accordingly.
75 That's it! Your server is now configured. You can use ``curl`` to test your
78 DOMAIN=test.dyn.example.com
79 PW=some_secure_password
80 curl 'https://ns.example.com/update?domain=$DOMAIN&password=$PW&ip=127.0.0.1'
83 Client setup (using the script)
84 -------------------------------
86 You can find the client script at ``client-scripts/dyn-ns-client``. It requires
87 Python 3. Copy that script to the machine that should be available under the
88 dynamic domain. Then change the configuration section at the top to match your
89 setup. Note that the script can update a list of domain names, in case you need
90 the machine to have several names (it is preferable to use a CNAME instead, this
91 will reduce the number of updates performed in the zone). The ``serverIPv4`` and
92 ``serverIPv6`` are only used if IPv4/IPv6 is enabled. These machines must be
93 available with that protocol only, otherwise it is not possible to reliably
94 detect the current external address.
96 To run the script regularly, simply set up a cronjob. You can do so by running
97 ``crontab -e``, and add a line as follows::
99 */15 * * * * /home/user/dyn-ns-client
101 This sets the update interval to 15min. If your IP address changes daily, you
102 may want to reduce this to 5min to have a smaller timeframe during which your
103 server is not available.
105 Client setup (using a router)
106 -----------------------------
108 Some routers are able to perform the update of the domain names themselves. The
109 FritzBox is known to be supported. To configure it to tell your server about the
110 current IP address, go to the DynDNS configuration section of the FritzBox and
111 choose the "custom" DynDNS provider. Then enter the following settings:
113 - Update-URL: ``https://ns.example.com/update?domain=<domain>&password=<pass>&ip=<ipaddr>``
114 - Domain Name: ``test.dyn.example.com``
115 - User Name: ``just_something``
116 - Password: ``some_secure_password``
118 Note that the user name is ignored.
125 You can find the sources in the `git repository`_. They are provided under a
126 2-clause BSD license.
128 .. _git repository: http://www.ralfj.de/git/dyn-nsupdate.git
133 If you found a bug, or want to leave a comment, please
134 `send me a mail <mailto:post-AT-ralfj-DOT-de>`_.