1 dyn-nsupdate: Dynamically and securely update DNS zones via CGI
2 ===============================================================
7 Welcome to dyn-nsupdate_, a collection of tools using BIND_, CGI_ and Python_ to
8 provide DynDNS services. Both IPv4 and IPv6 are fully supported.
10 dyn-nsupdate consists of two pieces: The server part provides a way to update IP
11 addresses in Bind's DNS zone via CGI, in a safe manner. The client part uses CGI
12 to update some domain to the current address(es) of the machine it is running
13 on. Alternatively, some routers can be configured to do this themselves. The
14 FritzBox is known to be supported.
16 .. _dyn-nsupdate: https://www.ralfj.de/projects/dyn-nsupdate
17 .. _BIND: https://www.isc.org/downloads/bind/
18 .. _CGI: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Gateway_Interface
19 .. _Python: https://www.python.org/
24 In the following, replace ``dyn.example.com`` by whatever domain will be managed
25 through DynDNS. I assume that BIND has already been set up for
26 ``dyn.example.com`` as a dynamic zone that can be updated through ``nsupdate
27 -l``. This can be achieved by setting ``update-policy local;`` in the zone
28 configuration. Furthermore, I assume the directory ``/var/lib/bind/`` exists.
30 There are two pieces that have to be installed: A setuid wrapper which checks
31 the passwords, and applies the updates; and some CGI scripts offered through a
34 Let's start with the setuid wrapper. To compile it, you will need cmake and
35 boost, including the regex and program_options boost packages. Starting in the
36 source directory, run::
41 cmake .. -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DDYNNSUPDATE_CONFIG_FILE=/var/lib/bind/dyn-nsupdate.conf
44 This should compile the binary ``dyn-nsupdate``. If you want to put the files in
45 another directory, change the configuration file name accordingly. You can now
46 install it and the sample configuration file, and set their permissions::
48 sudo install dyn-nsupdate /var/lib/bind/dyn-nsupdate -o bind -g bind -m +rx,u+ws
49 sudo install ../../dyn-nsupdate.conf /var/lib/bind/dyn-nsupdate.conf -o bind -g bind -m u+rw
51 Finally, edit the config file. The format should be pretty self-explanatory. In
52 particular, *change the password*!
54 Now, let's go on with the CGI scripts. They are using Python 2, so make sure you
55 have that installed. There are two scripts: One is used for clients to detect
56 their current external IP address, and one is used to do the actual update of
57 the domain. The first script should be available on a domain that is available
58 only through a single protocol, i.e., IPv4 only or IPv6 only. If you want to
59 support both IPv4 and IPv6, I suggest you have three domains
60 ``ipv4.ns.example.com``, ``ipv6.ns.example.com`` and ``ns.example.com`` where
61 only the latter is available via both protocols (this is something you have to
62 configure in your ``example.com`` zone). All can serve the same scripts (e.g.
63 via a ``ServerAlias`` in the apache configuration). I also **strongly suggest**
64 you make these domains *HTTPS-only*, as the client script will send a password!
66 Choose some directory (e.g., ``/srv/ns.example.com``) for the new domain, and
67 copy the content of ``server-scripts`` there. Now configure your webserver
68 appropriately for CGI scripts to be executed there. You can find a sample
69 configuration for apache in ``apache-ns.example.com.conf``. If you used a
70 non-default location for the ``dyn-nsupdate`` wrapper, you have to change the
71 path in the ``update`` CGI script accordingly.
73 That's it! Your server is now configured. You can use ``curl`` to test your
76 curl 'https://ns.example.com/update?domain=test.dyn.example.com&password=some_secure_password&ip=127.0.0.1'
79 Client setup (using the script)
80 -------------------------------
82 You can find the client script at ``client-scripts/dyn-ns-client``. It requires
83 Python 3. Copy that script to the machine that should be available under the
84 dynamic domain. Then change the configuration section at the top to match your
85 setup. Note that the script can update a list of domain names, in case you need
86 the machine to have several names (it is preferable to use a CNAME instead, this
87 will reduce the number of updates performed in the zone). The ``serverIPv4`` and
88 ``serverIPv6`` are only used if IPv4/IPv6 is enabled. These machines must be
89 available with that protocol only, otherwise it is not possible to reliably
90 detect the current external address.
92 To run the script regularly, simply set up a cronjob. You can do so by running
93 ``crontab -e``, and add a line as follows::
95 */15 * * * * /home/user/dyn-ns-client
97 This sets the update interval to 15min. If your IP address changes daily, you
98 may want to reduce this to 5min to have a smaller timeframe during which your
99 server is not available.
101 Client setup (using a router)
102 -----------------------------
104 Some routers are able to perform the update of the domain names themselves. The
105 FritzBox is known to be supported. To configure it to tell your server about the
106 current IP address, go to the DynDNS configuration section of the FritzBox and
107 choose the "custom" DynDNS provider. Then enter the following settings:
109 - Update-URL: ``https://ns.example.com/update?domain=<domain>&password=<pass>&ip=<ipaddr>``
110 - Domain Name: ``test.dyn.example.com``
111 - User Name: ``just_something``
112 - Password: ``some_secure_password``
114 Note that the user name is ignored.
121 You can find the sources in the `git repository`_. They are provided under a
122 2-clause BSD license.
124 .. _git repository: http://www.ralfj.de/git/dyn-nsupdate.git
129 If you found a bug, or want to leave a comment, please
130 `send me a mail <mailto:post-AT-ralfj-DOT-de>`_.