mention speculative execution

diff --git a/ralf/_posts/2020-07-15-unused-data.md b/ralf/_posts/2020-07-15-unused-data.md
index b9b51b1855fd1c8d6fa2df9c7300939fd544040b..500ecef44b6d23b8b97c75d8f8bd02acf567880d 100644 (file)
--- a/ralf/_posts/2020-07-15-unused-data.md
+++ b/ralf/_posts/2020-07-15-unused-data.md
@@ -74,7 +74,9 @@ Before the optimization, that call was fine.
 After the optimization, that call is UB because we are doing `if b` where `b` is `3`.
 
 This is because loop-invariant code motion makes dead code live when the loop is not actually executed.
 After the optimization, that call is UB because we are doing `if b` where `b` is `3`.
 
 This is because loop-invariant code motion makes dead code live when the loop is not actually executed.

-To fix this, we could require the compiler to prove that the loop runs at least once, but in general that will be hard (and in `example` it is impossible, since `num` can indeed be `0`).
+(We can think of this as a form of "speculative execution", though entirely unrelated to CPU-level speculative execution.)
+To fix the optimization, we could require the compiler to prove that the loop runs at least once (i.e., we could avoid speculative execution), but in general that will be hard (and in `example` it is impossible, since `num` can indeed be `0`).
+Another option is to restructure the code to only compute `incr` if `num > 0`, but again this can be hard to do in general.

 So the alternative that Rust uses is to require that even "unused" data satisfies some basic validity.
 That makes `example(transmute(3u8), 0)` UB in *both* versions of `example`, and as such the optimization is correct for this input (and indeed for all possible inputs).
 
 So the alternative that Rust uses is to require that even "unused" data satisfies some basic validity.
 That makes `example(transmute(3u8), 0)` UB in *both* versions of `example`, and as such the optimization is correct for this input (and indeed for all possible inputs).