add 'programming' category

[web.git] / personal / _posts / 2019-07-14-uninit.md

diff --git a/personal/_posts/2019-07-14-uninit.md b/personal/_posts/2019-07-14-uninit.md
index b25a0524263e4ad734b8c25a230b45c1cbd5073c..e5d973bf644ae21a87eb9ad8ef5ff4b52217f380 100644 (file)
--- a/personal/_posts/2019-07-14-uninit.md
+++ b/personal/_posts/2019-07-14-uninit.md
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 ---
 title: '"What The Hardware Does" is not What Your Program Does: Uninitialized Memory'
-categories: rust research
+categories: rust research programming
 forum: https://internals.rust-lang.org/t/what-the-hardware-does-is-not-what-your-program-does-uninitialized-memory/10561
 ---
 
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ Here is an example to demonstrate why "random bit pattern" cannot describe unini
 use std::mem;
 
 fn always_returns_true(x: u8) -> bool {
-    x < 150 || x > 120
+    x < 120 || x == 120 || x > 120
 }
 
 fn main() {
@@ -45,11 +45,11 @@ fn main() {
 }
 {% endhighlight %}
 `always_returns_true` is a function that, clearly, will return `true` for any possible 8-bit unsigned integer.
-After all, *every* possible value for `x` will be less than 150 or bigger than 120.
-A quick loop [confirms this](https://play.rust-lang.org/?version=stable&mode=release&edition=2018&gist=58168009e601a2f01b08981f907a473c).
-However, if you [run the example](https://play.rust-lang.org/?version=stable&mode=release&edition=2018&gist=da278adb50142d14909df74ea1e43069), you can see the assertion fail.[^godbolt]
+After all, *every* possible value for `x` will be either less than 120, equal to 120, or bigger than 120.
+A quick loop [confirms this](https://play.rust-lang.org/?version=stable&mode=release&edition=2018&gist=65b690fa3c1691e11d4d45955358cdbe).
+However, if you [run the example](https://play.rust-lang.org/?version=stable&mode=release&edition=2018&gist=812fe3c8655bfedcea37bb18bb70a945), you can see the assertion fail.[^godbolt]
 
-[^godbolt]: In case this changes with future Rust versions, [here is the same example on godbolt](https://godbolt.org/z/JX4B4N); the `xor eax, eax` indicates that the function returns 0, aka `false`. And [here is a version for C++](https://godbolt.org/z/PvZGQB); imagine calling `make_true(true)` which *should* always return `true` but as the assembly shows will return `false`.
+[^godbolt]: In case this changes with future Rust versions, [here is the same example on godbolt](https://godbolt.org/z/9G67hP); the `xor eax, eax` indicates that the function returns 0, aka `false`. And [here is a version for C++](https://godbolt.org/z/TWrvcq).
 
 ## What *is* uninitialized memory?
 
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ The Rust abstract machine *does* make a distinction between "relaxed" and "relea
 After all, x86 does not have "uninitialized bytes" either, and still our example program above went wrong.
 
 Of course, to explain *why* the abstract machine is defined the way it is, we have to look at optimizations and hardware-level concerns.
-But without an abstract machine, it is very hard to ensure that all the optimizations a compiler performs are consistent---in fact, both [LLVM](https://bugs.llvm.org/show_bug.cgi?id=35229) and [GCC](https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65752) suffer from miscompilations caused by combining optimizations that all seem fine in isolation, but together cause incorrect code generation.
+But without an abstract machine, it is very hard to ensure that all the optimizations a compiler performs are consistent---in fact, both [LLVM](https://bugs.llvm.org/show_bug.cgi?id=35229) and [GCC](https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=65752) suffer from miscompilations caused by combining optimizations that all seem [fine in isolation, but together cause incorrect code generation]({% post_url 2020-12-14-provenance %}).
 The abstract machine is needed as an ultimate arbiter that determines which optimizations can be safely combined with each other.
 I also think that when writing unsafe code, it is much easier to keep in your head a fixed abstract machine as opposed to a set of optimizations that might change any time, and might or might not be applied in any order.