6 /// Return the smaller of the two
7 fn min<'a>(&'a self, other: &'a Self) -> &'a Self;
10 /// Return a pointer to the minimal value of `v`.
11 pub fn vec_min<T: Minimum>(v: &Vec<T>) -> Option<&T> {
14 min = Some(match min {
23 data: Vec<u64>, // least significant digits first. The last block will *not* be 0.
26 // Add with carry, returning the sum and the carry
27 fn overflowing_add(a: u64, b: u64, carry: bool) -> (u64, bool) {
28 let sum = u64::wrapping_add(a, b);
29 let carry_n = if carry { 1 } else { 0 };
30 if sum >= a { // the first sum did not overflow
31 let sum_total = u64::wrapping_add(sum, carry_n);
32 let had_overflow = sum_total < sum;
33 (sum_total, had_overflow)
34 } else { // the first sum did overflow
35 // it is impossible for this to overflow again, as we are just adding 0 or 1
40 // Subtract with carry, returning the difference and the carry
41 fn overflowing_sub(a: u64, b: u64, carry: bool) -> (u64, bool) {
42 let diff = u64::wrapping_sub(a, b);
43 let carry_n = if carry { 1 } else { 0 };
44 if diff <= a { // the first diff did not wrap
45 let diff_total = u64::wrapping_sub(diff, carry_n);
46 let had_wrap = diff_total > diff;
47 (diff_total, had_wrap)
48 } else { // the first diff did wrap
49 // it is impossible for this to wrap again, as we are just substracting 0 or 1
50 (diff - carry_n, true)
55 /// Construct a BigInt from a "small" one.
56 pub fn new(x: u64) -> Self {
57 if x == 0 { // take care of our invariant!
58 BigInt { data: vec![] }
60 BigInt { data: vec![x] }
64 fn test_invariant(&self) -> bool {
65 if self.data.len() == 0 {
68 self.data[self.data.len() - 1] != 0
72 /// Construct a BigInt from a vector of 64-bit "digits", with the last significant digit being first. Solution to 05.1.
73 pub fn from_vec(mut v: Vec<u64>) -> Self {
74 // remove trailing zeros
75 while v.len() > 0 && v[v.len()-1] == 0 {
81 /// Increments the number by 1.
82 pub fn inc1(&mut self) {
84 // This loop adds "(1 << idx)". If there is no more carry, we leave.
85 while idx < self.data.len() {
86 let cur = self.data[idx];
87 let sum = u64::wrapping_add(cur, 1);
90 // No overflow, we are done.
97 // If we came here, there is a last carry to add
101 /// Increments the number by "by".
102 pub fn inc(&mut self, mut by: u64) {
104 // This loop adds "by * (1 << idx)". Think of "by" as the carry from incrementing the last digit.
105 while idx < self.data.len() {
106 let cur = self.data[idx];
107 let sum = u64::wrapping_add(cur, by);
108 self.data[idx] = sum;
110 // No overflow, we are done.
113 // We need to add a carry.
118 // If we came here, there is a last carry to add
122 /// Return the nth power-of-2 as BigInt
123 pub fn power_of_2(mut power: u64) -> BigInt {
124 let mut v = Vec::new();
134 impl Clone for BigInt {
135 fn clone(&self) -> Self {
136 BigInt { data: self.data.clone() }
140 impl PartialEq for BigInt {
141 fn eq(&self, other: &BigInt) -> bool {
142 debug_assert!(self.test_invariant() && other.test_invariant());
143 self.data == other.data
147 impl Minimum for BigInt {
148 // This is essentially the solution to 06.1.
149 fn min<'a>(&'a self, other: &'a Self) -> &'a Self {
150 debug_assert!(self.test_invariant() && other.test_invariant());
151 if self.data.len() < other.data.len() {
153 } else if self.data.len() > other.data.len() {
156 // compare back-to-front, i.e., most significant digit first
157 let mut idx = self.data.len()-1;
159 if self.data[idx] < other.data[idx] {
161 } else if self.data[idx] > other.data[idx] {
174 impl fmt::Debug for BigInt {
175 fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
180 impl<'a, 'b> ops::Add<&'a BigInt> for &'b BigInt {
181 type Output = BigInt;
182 fn add(self, rhs: &'a BigInt) -> Self::Output {
183 let max_len = cmp::max(self.data.len(), rhs.data.len());
184 let mut result_vec:Vec<u64> = Vec::with_capacity(max_len);
185 let mut carry:bool = false; // the carry bit
186 for i in 0..max_len {
187 // compute next digit and carry
188 let lhs_val = if i < self.data.len() { self.data[i] } else { 0 };
189 let rhs_val = if i < rhs.data.len() { rhs.data[i] } else { 0 };
190 let (sum, new_carry) = overflowing_add(lhs_val, rhs_val, carry);
192 result_vec.push(sum);
198 // We know that the invariant holds: overflowing_add would only return (0, false) if
199 // the arguments are (0, 0, false), but we know that in the last iteration, one od the two digits
200 // is the last of its number and hence not 0.
201 BigInt { data: result_vec }
205 impl<'a> ops::Add<BigInt> for &'a BigInt {
206 type Output = BigInt;
208 fn add(self, rhs: BigInt) -> Self::Output {
213 impl<'a> ops::Add<&'a BigInt> for BigInt {
214 type Output = BigInt;
216 fn add(self, rhs: &'a BigInt) -> Self::Output {
221 impl ops::Add<BigInt> for BigInt {
222 type Output = BigInt;
224 fn add(self, rhs: BigInt) -> Self::Output {
229 impl<'a, 'b> ops::Sub<&'a BigInt> for &'b BigInt {
230 type Output = BigInt;
231 fn sub(self, rhs: &'a BigInt) -> Self::Output {
232 let max_len = cmp::max(self.data.len(), rhs.data.len());
233 let mut result_vec:Vec<u64> = Vec::with_capacity(max_len);
234 let mut carry:bool = false; // the carry bit
235 for i in 0..max_len {
236 // compute next digit and carry
237 let lhs_val = if i < self.data.len() { self.data[i] } else { 0 };
238 let rhs_val = if i < rhs.data.len() { rhs.data[i] } else { 0 };
239 let (sum, new_carry) = overflowing_sub(lhs_val, rhs_val, carry);
241 result_vec.push(sum);
245 panic!("Wrapping subtraction of BigInt");
247 // We may have trailing zeroes, so get rid of them
248 BigInt::from_vec(result_vec)
252 impl<'a> ops::Sub<BigInt> for &'a BigInt {
253 type Output = BigInt;
255 fn sub(self, rhs: BigInt) -> Self::Output {
260 impl<'a> ops::Sub<&'a BigInt> for BigInt {
261 type Output = BigInt;
263 fn sub(self, rhs: &'a BigInt) -> Self::Output {
268 impl ops::Sub<BigInt> for BigInt {
269 type Output = BigInt;
271 fn sub(self, rhs: BigInt) -> Self::Output {
279 use super::{overflowing_add,overflowing_sub,BigInt};
282 fn test_overflowing_add() {
283 assert_eq!(overflowing_add(10, 100, false), (110, false));
284 assert_eq!(overflowing_add(10, 100, true), (111, false));
285 assert_eq!(overflowing_add(1 << 63, 1 << 63, false), (0, true));
286 assert_eq!(overflowing_add(1 << 63, 1 << 63, true), (1, true));
287 assert_eq!(overflowing_add(1 << 63, (1 << 63) -1 , true), (0, true));
291 fn test_overflowing_sub() {
292 assert_eq!(overflowing_sub(100, 10, false), (90, false));
293 assert_eq!(overflowing_sub(100, 10, true), (89, false));
294 assert_eq!(overflowing_sub(10, 1 << 63, false), ((1 << 63) + 10, true));
295 assert_eq!(overflowing_sub(10, 1 << 63, true), ((1 << 63) + 9, true));
296 assert_eq!(overflowing_sub(42, 42 , true), (u64::max_value(), true));
301 let b1 = BigInt::new(1 << 32);
302 let b2 = BigInt::from_vec(vec![0, 1]);
303 let b3 = BigInt::from_vec(vec![0, 0, 1]);
304 let b4 = BigInt::new(1 << 63);
306 assert_eq!(&b1 + &b2, BigInt::from_vec(vec![1 << 32, 1]));
307 assert_eq!(&b2 + &b1, BigInt::from_vec(vec![1 << 32, 1]));
308 assert_eq!(&b2 + &b3, BigInt::from_vec(vec![0, 1, 1]));
309 assert_eq!(&b2 + &b3 + &b4 + &b4, BigInt::from_vec(vec![0, 2, 1]));
310 assert_eq!(&b2 + &b4 + &b3 + &b4, BigInt::from_vec(vec![0, 2, 1]));
311 assert_eq!(&b4 + &b2 + &b3 + &b4, BigInt::from_vec(vec![0, 2, 1]));
316 let b1 = BigInt::new(1 << 32);
317 let b2 = BigInt::from_vec(vec![0, 1]);
318 let b3 = BigInt::from_vec(vec![0, 0, 1]);
319 let b4 = BigInt::new(1 << 63);
321 assert_eq!(&b2 - &b1, BigInt::from_vec(vec![u64::max_value() - (1 << 32) + 1]));
322 assert_eq!(&b3 - &b2, BigInt::from_vec(vec![0, u64::max_value(), 0]));
323 assert_eq!(&b2 - &b4 - &b4, BigInt::from_vec(vec![0]));
324 assert_eq!(&b3 - &b2 - &b4 - &b4, BigInt::from_vec(vec![0, u64::max_value() - 1]));
325 assert_eq!(&b3 - &b4 - &b2 - &b4, BigInt::from_vec(vec![0, u64::max_value() - 1]));
326 assert_eq!(&b3 - &b4 - &b4 - &b2, BigInt::from_vec(vec![0, u64::max_value() - 1]));
331 let mut b = BigInt::new(0);
333 assert_eq!(b, BigInt::new(1));
335 assert_eq!(b, BigInt::new(2));
337 b = BigInt::new(u64::MAX);
339 assert_eq!(b, BigInt::from_vec(vec![0, 1]));
341 assert_eq!(b, BigInt::from_vec(vec![1, 1]));
345 fn test_power_of_2() {
346 assert_eq!(BigInt::power_of_2(0), BigInt::new(1));
347 assert_eq!(BigInt::power_of_2(13), BigInt::new(1 << 13));
348 assert_eq!(BigInt::power_of_2(64), BigInt::from_vec(vec![0, 1]));
349 assert_eq!(BigInt::power_of_2(96), BigInt::from_vec(vec![0, 1 << 32]));
350 assert_eq!(BigInt::power_of_2(128), BigInt::from_vec(vec![0, 0, 1]));