1 // Rust-101, Part 12: Concurrency (WIP)
4 use std::io::prelude::*;
5 use std::{io, fs, thread};
6 use std::sync::mpsc::{sync_channel, SyncSender, Receiver};
10 // Before we come to the actual code, we define a data-structure `Options` to store all the information we need
11 // to complete the job: Which files to work on, which pattern to look for, and how to output. <br/>
12 // Besides just printing all the matching lines, we will also offer to count them, or alternatively to sort them.
19 use self::OutputMode::*;
24 output_mode: OutputMode,
28 // The first functions reads the files, and sends every line over the `out_channel`.
29 fn read_files(options: Arc<Options>, out_channel: SyncSender<String>) {
30 for file in options.files.iter() {
31 // First, we open the file, ignoring any errors.
32 let file = fs::File::open(file).unwrap();
33 // Then we obtain a `BufReader` for it, which provides the `lines` function.
34 let file = io::BufReader::new(file);
35 for line in file.lines() {
36 let line = line.unwrap();
37 // Now we send the line over the channel, ignoring the possibility of `send` failing.
38 out_channel.send(line).unwrap();
41 // When we drop the `out_channel`, it will be closed, which the other end can notice.
44 // The second function filters the lines it receives through `in_channel` with the pattern, and sends
45 // matches via `out_channel`.
46 fn filter_lines(options: Arc<Options>, in_channel: Receiver<String>, out_channel: SyncSender<String>) {
47 // We can simply iterate over the channel, which will stop when the channel is closed.
48 for line in in_channel.iter() {
49 // `contains` works on lots of types of patterns, but in particular, we can use it to test whether
50 // one string is contained in another.
51 if line.contains(&options.pattern) {
57 // The third function performs the output operations, receiving the relevant lines on its `in_channel`.
58 fn output_lines(options: Arc<Options>, in_channel: Receiver<String>) {
59 match options.output_mode {
61 // Here, we just print every line we see.
62 for line in in_channel.iter() {
67 // We are supposed to count the number of matching lines. There's a convenient iterator adapter that
68 // we can use for this job.
72 // We are asked to sort the matching lines before printing. So let's collect them all in a local vector...
73 let data: Vec<String> = in_channel.iter().collect();
74 // ...and implement the actual sorting later.
80 // With the operations of the three threads defined, we can now implement a function that performs grepping according
81 // to some given options.
82 fn run(options: Options) {
83 // We move the `options` into an `Arc`, as that's what the thread workers expect.
84 let options = Arc::new(options);
86 // Set up the channels. Use `sync_channel` with buffer-size of 16 to avoid needlessly filling RAM.
87 let (line_sender, line_receiver) = sync_channel(16);
88 let (filtered_sender, filtered_receiver) = sync_channel(16);
90 // Spawn the read thread: `thread::spawn` takes a closure that is run in a new thread.
91 let options1 = options.clone();
92 let handle1 = thread::spawn(move || read_files(options1, line_sender));
94 // Same with the filter thread.
95 let options2 = options.clone();
96 let handle2 = thread::spawn(move || filter_lines(options2, line_receiver, filtered_sender));
98 // And the output thread.
99 let options3 = options.clone();
100 let handle3 = thread::spawn(move || output_lines(options3, filtered_receiver));
102 // Finally, wait until all three threads did their job.
103 handle1.join().unwrap();
104 handle2.join().unwrap();
105 handle3.join().unwrap();
108 // Now we have all the pieces together for testing our `rgrep` with some hard-coded options.
110 let options = Options {
111 files: vec!["src/part10.rs".to_string(), "src/part11.rs".to_string(), "src/part12.rs".to_string()],
112 pattern: "let".to_string(),
118 // **Exercise 12.1**: Change `rgrep` such that it prints now only the matching lines, but also the name of the file
119 // and the number of the line in the file. You will have to change the type of the channels from `String` to something
120 // that records this extra information.