Rust is a young systems programming language that aims to fill the gap between high-level languagesâwhich provide strong static guarantees like memory and thread safetyâand low-level languagesâwhich give the programmer fine-grained control over data layout and memory management. This dissertation presents two projects establishing the first formal foundations for Rust, enabling us to better understand and evolve this important language: RustBelt and Stacked Borrows.
+ +RustBelt is a formal model of Rustâs type system, together with a soundness proof establishing memory and thread safety. The model is designed to verify the safety of a number of intricate APIs from the Rust standard library, despite the fact that the implementations of these APIs use unsafe language features.
+ +Stacked Borrows is a proposed extension of the Rust specification, which enables the compiler to use the strong aliasing information in Rustâs types to better analyze and optimize the code it is compiling. The adequacy of this specification is evaluated not only formally, but also by running real Rust code in an instrumented version of Rustâs Miri interpreter that implements the Stacked Borrows semantics.
+ +RustBelt is built on top of Iris, a language-agnostic framework, implemented in the Coq proof assistant, for building higher-order concurrent separation logics. This dissertation begins by giving an introduction to Iris, and explaining how Iris enables the derivation of complex high-level reasoning principles from a few simple ingredients. In RustBelt, this technique is exploited crucially to introduce the lifetime logic, which provides a novel separation-logic account of borrowing, a key distinguishing feature of the Rust type system.
+ ++This thesis has received a 2021 Otto Hahn Medal and the 2021 ETAPS Doctoral Dissertation Award. +
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