X-Git-Url: https://git.ralfj.de/rust-101.git/blobdiff_plain/b60c82e9d3b03aa36484c1ff68f34f4e78862d46..2022af3d411f12b637e40bcac62b73d97d7fc091:/src/part09.rs?ds=sidebyside diff --git a/src/part09.rs b/src/part09.rs index c6c32a4..d4b3e66 100644 --- a/src/part09.rs +++ b/src/part09.rs @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use part05::BigInt; //@ In the following, we will look into the iterator mechanism of Rust and make our `BigInt` compatible //@ with the `for` loops. Of course, this is all about implementing certain traits again. In particular, -//@ an iterator is something that implements the `Iterator` trait. As you can see in [the documentation](http://doc.rust-lang.org/beta/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html), +//@ an iterator is something that implements the `Iterator` trait. As you can see in [the documentation](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html), //@ this trait mandates a single function `next` returning an `Option`, where `Item` is an //@ associated type chosen by the implementation. (There are many more methods provided for `Iterator`, //@ but they all have default implementations, so we don't have to worry about them right now.) @@ -119,9 +119,9 @@ fn iter_invalidation_demo() { //@ which Rust successfully prevents. // ## Iterator conversion trait -//@ If you closely compare the `for` loop in `main` above, with the one in `vec_min`, you will notice that we were able to write +//@ If you closely compare the `for` loop in `main` above, with the one in `part06::vec_min`, you will notice that we were able to write //@ `for e in v` earlier, but now we have to call `iter`. Why is that? Well, the `for` sugar is not actually tied to `Iterator`. -//@ Instead, if demands an implementation of [`IntoIterator`](http://doc.rust-lang.org/beta/std/iter/trait.IntoIterator.html). +//@ Instead, it demands an implementation of [`IntoIterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/iter/trait.IntoIterator.html). //@ That's a trait of types that provide a *conversion* function into some kind of iterator. These conversion traits are a frequent //@ pattern in Rust: Rather than demanding that something is an iterator, or a string, or whatever; one demands that something //@ can be converted to an iterator/string/whatever. This provides convenience similar to overloading of functions: The function @@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ fn iter_invalidation_demo() { //@ of the right type, the conversion function will not do anything and trivially be optimized away. //@ If you have a look at the documentation of `IntoIterator`, you will notice that the function `into_iter` it provides actually -//@ consumes its argument. So, we'd like to make `Self` a borrowed type, such that the number is not lost after the iteration. +//@ consumes its argument. So we implement the trait for *borrowed* numbers, such that the number is not lost after the iteration. impl<'a> IntoIterator for &'a BigInt { type Item = u64; type IntoIter = Iter<'a>; @@ -139,10 +139,11 @@ impl<'a> IntoIterator for &'a BigInt { } } // With this in place, you can now replace `b.iter()` in `main` by `&b`. Go ahead and try it!
-//@ Wait, `&b`? Why that? Well, we implemented `IntoIterator` for `&BigInt`, so we have to borrow `b`. If we wanted to be able to write -//@ just `b`, we'd have to also implement `IntoIterator` for `BigInt` - which, as already mentioned, would mean that `b` is actually consumed -//@ by the iteration, and gone. This can easily happen, for example, with a `Vec`: Both `Vec` and `&Vec` implement `IntoIterator`, so if -//@ you do `for e in v`, and `v` has type `Vec`, then you will obtain ownership of the elements during the iteration - and destroy the vector -//@ in the process. We actually did that in `vec_min`, but we did not care. You can write `for e in &v` or `for e in v.iter()` to avoid this. +//@ Wait, `&b`? Why that? Well, we implemented `IntoIterator` for `&BigInt`. If we are in a place where `b` is already borrowed, we can +//@ just do `for digit in b`. If however, we own `b`, we have to borrow it. Alternatively, we could implement `IntoIterator` +//@ for `BigInt` - which, as already mentioned, would mean that `b` is actually consumed by the iteration, and gone. This can easily happen, +//@ for example, with a `Vec`: Both `Vec` and `&Vec` (and `&mut Vec`) implement `IntoIterator`, so if you do `for e in v`, and `v` has type `Vec`, +//@ then you will obtain ownership of the elements during the iteration - and destroy the vector in the process. We actually did that in +//@ `part01::vec_min`, but we did not care. You can write `for e in &v` or `for e in v.iter()` to avoid this. -//@ [index](main.html) | [previous](part08.html) | [next](main.html) +//@ [index](main.html) | [previous](part08.html) | [raw source](https://www.ralfj.de/git/rust-101.git/blob_plain/HEAD:/workspace/src/part09.rs) | [next](part10.html)