X-Git-Url: https://git.ralfj.de/rust-101.git/blobdiff_plain/a72c9087f87e56d2fc46141e485ba66b3ca9190a..f5a79e8aaa07e56cf2dd8fe8438d96624dd84fbc:/src/part01.rs?ds=sidebyside diff --git a/src/part01.rs b/src/part01.rs index 36e15d0..dc97d8d 100644 --- a/src/part01.rs +++ b/src/part01.rs @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -// Rust-101, Part 00: Expressions, Inherent methods +// Rust-101, Part 01: Expressions, Inherent methods // ================================================ use std; @@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ use std; // terms you write down are not just *statements* (executing code), but *expressions* // (returning a value). This applies even to the body of entire functions! +// ## Expression-based programming // For example, consider `sqr`: fn sqr(i: i32) -> i32 { i * i } // Between the curly braces, we are giving the *expression* that computes the return value. @@ -34,18 +35,13 @@ fn number_or_default(n: NumberOrNothing, default: i32) -> i32 { } } -// With this fresh knowledge, let us now refactor `vec_min`. First of all, we are doing a small change -// to the type: `&Vec` denotes a *reference* to a `Vec`. You can think of this as a pointer -// (in C terms): Arguments in Rust are passed *by value*, so we need to employ explicit references if -// that's not what we want. References are per default immutable (like variables), a mutable reference -// would be denoted `&mut Vec`. -fn vec_min(v: &Vec) -> NumberOrNothing { +// With this fresh knowledge, let us now refactor `vec_min`. +fn vec_min(v: Vec) -> NumberOrNothing { let mut min = Nothing; for e in v { - let e = *e; // Notice that all we do here is compute a new value for `min`, and that it will always end // up being a `Number` rather than `Nothing`. In Rust, the structure of the code - // can express this uniformity as follows: + // can express this uniformity. min = Number(match min { Nothing => e, Number(n) => std::cmp::min(n, e) @@ -60,10 +56,11 @@ fn vec_min(v: &Vec) -> NumberOrNothing { // Now that's already much shorter! Make sure you can go over the code above and actually understand // every step of what's going on. +// ## Inherent implementations // So much for `vec_min`. Let us now reconsider `print_number_or_nothing`. That function // really belongs pretty close to the type `NumberOrNothing`. In C++ or Java, you would // probably make it a method of the type. In Rust, we can achieve something very similar -// by providing an *inherent implementation* as follows: +// by providing an *inherent implementation*. impl NumberOrNothing { fn print(self) { match self { @@ -77,19 +74,23 @@ impl NumberOrNothing { // is independent of the definition of the type. `self` is like `this` in other // languages, and its type is always implicit. So `print` is now a method that // takes as first argument a `NumberOrNothing`, just like `print_number_or_nothing`. -// +// // Try making `number_or_default` from above an inherent method as well! // With our refactored functions and methods, `main` now looks as follows: fn read_vec() -> Vec { vec![18,5,7,2,9,27] } -pub fn part_main() { +pub fn main() { let vec = read_vec(); - let min = vec_min(&vec); + let min = vec_min(vec); min.print(); } // You will have to replace `part00` by `part01` in the `main` function in // `main.rs` to run this code. +// **Exercise 01.1**: Write a funtion `vec_avg` that computes the average value of a `Vec`. +// +// *Hint*: `vec.len()` returns the length of a vector `vec`. + // [index](main.html) | [previous](part00.html) | [next](part02.html)