X-Git-Url: https://git.ralfj.de/rust-101.git/blobdiff_plain/63b7a79069a399c32d575bb71832fcad134117c9..ab7f9b241429bd675b437d2437799de75d2f409b:/src/part04.rs diff --git a/src/part04.rs b/src/part04.rs index fcfc8d9..cb101fe 100644 --- a/src/part04.rs +++ b/src/part04.rs @@ -50,9 +50,9 @@ fn ownership_demo() { //@ we wanted! Can't we somehow give `vec_min` access to the vector, while retaining ownership of it? //@ //@ Rust calls this *a reference* the vector, and it considers references as *borrowing* ownership. This -//@ works a bit like borrowing does in the real world: If you borrow a book to your friend, your friend +//@ works a bit like borrowing does in the real world: If your friend borrows a book from you, your friend //@ can have it and work on it (and you can't!) as long as the book is still borrowed. Your friend could -//@ even borrow the book to someone else. Eventually however, your friend has to give the book back to you, +//@ even lend the book to someone else. Eventually however, your friend has to give the book back to you, //@ at which point you again have full control. //@ //@ Rust distinguishes between two kinds of references. First of all, there's the *shared* reference. @@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ fn shared_ref_demo() { vec_min(&v); println!("The first element is: {}", *first); } -//@ What's going on here? First, `&` is how you borrow ownership to someone - this operator creates a shared reference. +//@ What's going on here? First, `&` is how you lend ownership to someone - this operator creates a shared reference. //@ `shared_ref_demo` creates three shared references to `v`: //@ The reference `first` begins in the 2nd line of the function and lasts all the way to the end. The other two //@ references, created for calling `vec_min`, only last for the duration of that respective call. @@ -97,14 +97,14 @@ fn shared_ref_demo() { //@ reference, Rust knows that it cannot mutate `v`. Hence the pointer into the buffer of `v` //@ that was created before calling `vec_min` remains valid. -// ## Exclusive, mutable references -//@ There is a second way to borrow something, a second kind of reference: The *exclusive reference*. This is a reference that comes with the promise that -//@ nobody else has *any kind of access* to the referee - there is no aliasing. As a consequence, it is always safe to mutate data through -//@ an exclusive reference, which is why they are usually called *mutable references*. +// ## Unique, mutable references +//@ There is a second way to borrow something, a second kind of reference: The *mutable reference*. This is a reference that comes with the promise +//@ that nobody else has *any kind of access* to the referee - in contrast to shared references, there is no aliasing with mutable references. It is thus always safe to perform mutation through such a reference. +//@ Because there cannot be another reference to the same data, we could also call it a *unique* reference, but that is not their official name. //@ As an example, consider a function which increments every element of a vector by 1. //@ The type `&mut Vec` is the type of mutable references to `vec`. Because the reference is -//@ mutable, we can use a mutable iterator, providing mutable (exclusive) references to the elements. +//@ mutable, we can use a mutable iterator, providing mutable references to the elements. fn vec_inc(v: &mut Vec) { for e in v.iter_mut() { *e += 1; @@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ fn mutable_ref_demo() { //@ than one mutable reference - we only ever borrow `v` once at a time. However, we can *not* create a shared reference that spans a call to `vec_inc`. Just try //@ enabling the commented-out lines, and watch Rust complain. This is because `vec_inc` could mutate //@ the vector structurally (i.e., it could add or remove elements), and hence the reference `first` -//@ could become invalid. In other words, Rust keeps us safe from bugs like the one in the C++ snipped above. +//@ could become invalid. In other words, Rust keeps us safe from bugs like the one in the C++ snippet above. //@ //@ Above, I said that having a mutable reference excludes aliasing. But if you look at the code above carefully, //@ you may say: "Wait! Don't the `v` in `mutable_ref_demo` and the `v` in `vec_inc` alias?" And you are right, @@ -143,4 +143,4 @@ fn mutable_ref_demo() { // As it turns out, combined with the abstraction facilities of Rust, this is a very powerful mechanism // to tackle many problems beyond basic memory safety. You will see some examples for this soon. -//@ [index](main.html) | [previous](part03.html) | [raw source](https://www.ralfj.de/git/rust-101.git/blob_plain/HEAD:/workspace/src/part04.rs) | [next](part05.html) +//@ [index](main.html) | [previous](part03.html) | [raw source](workspace/src/part04.rs) | [next](part05.html)