X-Git-Url: https://git.ralfj.de/rust-101.git/blobdiff_plain/2d40516a8393db1f27bb822ff95c71a1a9c82537..ab7f9b241429bd675b437d2437799de75d2f409b:/workspace/src/part10.rs?ds=sidebyside diff --git a/workspace/src/part10.rs b/workspace/src/part10.rs deleted file mode 100644 index 8fc650f..0000000 --- a/workspace/src/part10.rs +++ /dev/null @@ -1,99 +0,0 @@ -// Rust-101, Part 10: Closures -// =========================== - -use std::fmt; -use part05::BigInt; - - -// So, let us define a trait that demands that the type provides some method `do_action` on digits. -trait Action { - fn do_action(&mut self, digit: u64); -} - -// Now we can write a function that takes some `a` of a type `A` such that we can call `do_action` on `a`, passing it every digit. -impl BigInt { - fn act_v1(&self, mut a: A) { - for digit in self { - unimplemented!() - } - } -} - -struct PrintWithString { - prefix: String, -} - -impl Action for PrintWithString { - // Here we perform the actual printing of the prefix and the digit. We're not making use of our ability to - // change `self` here, but we could replace the prefix if we wanted. - fn do_action(&mut self, digit: u64) { - unimplemented!() - } -} - -// Finally, this function takes a `BigInt` and a prefix, and prints the digits with the given prefix. -fn print_with_prefix_v1(b: &BigInt, prefix: String) { - let my_action = PrintWithString { prefix: prefix }; - b.act_v1(my_action); -} - -// Here's a small main function, demonstrating the code above in action. Remember to edit `main.rs` to run it. -pub fn main() { - let bignum = BigInt::new(1 << 63) + BigInt::new(1 << 16) + BigInt::new(1 << 63); - print_with_prefix_v1(&bignum, "Digit: ".to_string()); -} - -// ## Closures - -// This defines `act` very similar to above, but now we demand `A` to be the type of a closure that mutates its borrowed environment, -// takes a digit, and returns nothing. -impl BigInt { - fn act(&self, mut a: A) { - for digit in self { - // We can call closures as if they were functions - but really, what's happening here is translated to essentially what we wrote above, in `act_v1`. - unimplemented!() - } - } -} - -// Now that we saw how to write a function that operates on closures, let's see how to write a closure. -pub fn print_with_prefix(b: &BigInt, prefix: String) { - b.act(|digit| println!("{}{}", prefix, digit) ); -} -// You can change `main` to call this function, and you should notice - nothing, no difference in behavior. -// But we wrote much less boilerplate code! - -// Remember that we decided to use the `FnMut` trait above? This means our closure could actually mutate its environment. -// For example, we can use that to count the digits as they are printed. -pub fn print_and_count(b: &BigInt) { - let mut count: usize = 0; - b.act(|digit| { println!("{}: {}", count, digit); count = count +1; } ); - println!("There are {} digits", count); -} - -// ## Fun with iterators and closures - -// Let's say we want to write a function that increments every entry of a `Vec` by some number, then looks for numbers larger than some threshold, and prints them. -fn inc_print_even(v: &Vec, offset: i32, threshold: i32) { - for i in v.iter().map(|n| *n + offset).filter(|n| *n > threshold) { - println!("{}", i); - } -} - -// Sometimes it is useful to know both the position of some element in a list, and its value. That's where the `enumerate` function helps. -fn print_enumerated(v: &Vec) { - for (i, t) in v.iter().enumerate() { - println!("Position {}: {}", i, t); - } -} - -// And as a final example, one can also collect all elements of an iterator, and put them, e.g., in a vector. -fn filter_vec_by_divisor(v: &Vec, divisor: i32) -> Vec { - unimplemented!() -} - -// **Exercise 10.1**: Look up the [documentation of `Iterator`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/iter/trait.Iterator.html) to learn about more functions -// that can act on iterators. Try using some of them. What about a function that sums the even numbers of an iterator? Or a function that computes the -// product of those numbers that sit at odd positions? A function that checks whether a vector contains a certain number? Whether all numbers are -// smaller than some threshold? Be creative! -