X-Git-Url: https://git.ralfj.de/rust-101.git/blobdiff_plain/229b86d07e94cd3ec175051a44b3f3cb45b40b65..0b126b3637b97200f23be4e753d245852e0355ee:/workspace/src/part01.rs?ds=inline diff --git a/workspace/src/part01.rs b/workspace/src/part01.rs index da94915..bcc1b03 100644 --- a/workspace/src/part01.rs +++ b/workspace/src/part01.rs @@ -3,26 +3,17 @@ // Rust-101, Part 01: Expressions, Inherent methods // ================================================ -// Even though our code from the first part works, we can still learn a -// lot by making it prettier. To understand how, it is important to -// understand that Rust is an "expression-based" language. This means that most of the -// terms you write down are not just *statements* (executing code), but *expressions* -// (returning a value). This applies even to the body of entire functions! +// For Rust to compile this file, make sure to enable the corresponding line +// in `main.rs` before going on. + // ## Expression-based programming -// For example, consider `sqr`: fn sqr(i: i32) -> i32 { i * i } -// Between the curly braces, we are giving the *expression* that computes the return value. -// So we can just write `i * i`, the expression that returns the square if `i`! -// This is very close to how mathematicians write down functions (but with more types). // Conditionals are also just expressions. You can compare this to the ternary `? :` operator // from languages like C. fn abs(i: i32) -> i32 { if i >= 0 { i } else { -i } } -// And the same applies to case distinction with `match`: Every `arm` of the match -// gives the expression that is returned in the respective case. -// (We repeat the definition from the previous part here.) enum NumberOrNothing { Number(i32), Nothing @@ -37,26 +28,14 @@ fn number_or_default(n: NumberOrNothing, default: i32) -> i32 { // Let us now refactor `vec_min`. fn vec_min(v: Vec) -> NumberOrNothing { - // Remember that helper function `min_i32`? Rust allows us to define such helper functions *inside* other - // functions. This is just a matter of namespacing, the inner function has no access to the data of the outer - // one. Still, being able to nicely group functions can be very useful. fn min_i32(a: i32, b: i32) -> i32 { - if a < b { a } else { b } + unimplemented!() } let mut min = Nothing; for e in v { - // Notice that all we do here is compute a new value for `min`, and that it will always end - // up being a `Number` rather than `Nothing`. In Rust, the structure of the code - // can express this uniformity. - min = Number(match min { - Nothing => e, - Number(n) => min_i32(n, e) - }); + unimplemented!() } - // The `return` keyword exists in Rust, but it is rarely used. Instead, we typically - // make use of the fact that the entire function body is an expression, so we can just - // write down the desired return value. min } @@ -64,10 +43,6 @@ fn vec_min(v: Vec) -> NumberOrNothing { // every step of what's going on. // ## Inherent implementations -// So much for `vec_min`. Let us now reconsider `print_number_or_nothing`. That function -// really belongs pretty close to the type `NumberOrNothing`. In C++ or Java, you would -// probably make it a method of the type. In Rust, we can achieve something very similar -// by providing an *inherent implementation*. impl NumberOrNothing { fn print(self) { match self { @@ -76,13 +51,6 @@ impl NumberOrNothing { }; } } -// So, what just happened? Rust separates code from data, so the definition of the -// methods on an `enum` (and also on `struct`, which we will learn about later) -// is independent of the definition of the type. `self` is like `this` in other -// languages, and its type is always implicit. So `print` is now a method that -// takes as first argument a `NumberOrNothing`, just like `print_number_or_nothing`. -// -// Try making `number_or_default` from above an inherent method as well! // With our refactored functions and methods, `main` now looks as follows: fn read_vec() -> Vec { @@ -91,7 +59,7 @@ fn read_vec() -> Vec { pub fn main() { let vec = read_vec(); let min = vec_min(vec); - min.print(); + unimplemented!() } // You will have to replace `part00` by `part01` in the `main` function in // `main.rs` to run this code.